> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.thornode.io/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Rate limits

> Per-key Hofund limits by pass tier: fast-lane and Jito-lane rates, bursts, how credits are counted, what you get back when you exceed them, and the connection and size caps.

Every Hofund limit is enforced **per Bifrost key**, at the location you call. The fast-lane rate depends on the tier of the pass that owns the key; the Jito-lane rate is the same for every tier.

## Rates by tier

| Pass tier | Fast lanes (`/hofund`, `/hofund-fast`, `/hofund-direct-tpu`, `/hofund-swqos`, `/hofund/plain`, `/hofund/binary`, `/hofund/ws`, QUIC `:4802`) | Jito lanes (`?mev-protect=true`, `/hofund-jito-bundle-only`, `/hofund-bundle`, `/hofund/ws/mev-protect`, QUIC `:4803`) |
| --------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Flash     | 10 tx/s, burst 20                                                                                                                            | 5 requests/s, burst 5                                                                                                  |
| Classic   | 20 tx/s, burst 40                                                                                                                            | 5 requests/s, burst 5                                                                                                  |
| Elite     | 40 tx/s, burst 80                                                                                                                            | 5 requests/s, burst 5                                                                                                  |
| Prime     | 60 tx/s, burst 120                                                                                                                           | 5 requests/s, burst 5                                                                                                  |

* One key has **one** fast-lane bucket shared by every fast surface — HTTP, WebSocket and QUIC draw from the same allowance.
* Buckets are token buckets: you may burst up to the burst size, then sustain the rate. Tokens refill continuously.
* `sendBatch` and `sendIdeal` charge one credit per transaction; `sendBundle` charges one request on the Jito bucket.
* Your tier is shown on **Endpoints → Hofund** in the dashboard next to your endpoints and tip addresses.

## When you exceed a limit

| Surface                        | Response                                                                                                                             |
| ------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| JSON-RPC, plain, binary (fast) | HTTP `429`, JSON-RPC error `-32003 fast submission rate limit exceeded`, header `Retry-After: 1`                                     |
| JSON-RPC (Jito lanes)          | HTTP `429`, `-32010` (Jito capacity exhausted), `Retry-After: 1`                                                                     |
| WebSocket, QUIC                | **No reply** — the frame or stream over the rate is dropped silently. Pace your sends under your tier and reconcile every signature. |

Exceeding a limit never opens a penalty window: the next request within the rate succeeds.

## Connection and size caps

| Cap                                              | Value                                                                                                               |
| ------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| WebSocket connections per key                    | 10 (the 11th handshake fails with `502 {"error":"HOFUND WebSocket upstream is unavailable"}` — close one and retry) |
| WebSocket in-flight transactions per connection  | 16                                                                                                                  |
| QUIC streams per connection                      | 64 (10 connections per client identity; idle connections close after 30 s)                                          |
| Request body                                     | 64 KiB                                                                                                              |
| One transaction                                  | 1232 bytes (base64, canonical and padded, on JSON routes)                                                           |
| `sendBatch`                                      | 1–25 transactions                                                                                                   |
| `sendBundle`                                     | 1–5 transactions                                                                                                    |
| `sendIdeal`                                      | exactly 2 transactions                                                                                              |
| Submission records (`getHofundSubmissionStatus`) | kept for 10 minutes                                                                                                 |

Location-level capacity (`-32002 request admission capacity is exhausted`, `503`, `Retry-After: 1`) is independent of your key's rate and applies only under exceptional load at that location.